ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯞꯔꯨꯐ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ꯫

ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯕꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯂꯦꯁ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ (HPL, PVC, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ) 10^4 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 10^9Ωꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯸꯹꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ-ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ASTM E84 ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ 1 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ-ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯞꯔꯨꯐ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.꯱꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯣꯅꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯌꯥꯠꯄꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫