ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯕꯦꯟꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯕꯤꯎꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ-ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫
|
ꯃꯁꯛ ꯁꯥꯕ |
ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯑꯂꯇꯤꯃꯦꯠ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ (ꯑꯦꯟ) ꯴. |
||
|
ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯕꯤ |
N |
N |
N |
N/㎡ |
꯱꯰ ꯔꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯱꯰꯰꯰꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
|
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯸꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
800 |
3560 |
536 |
10680 |
16100 |
3560 |
2670 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
1000 |
4450 |
670 |
13350 |
23000 |
4450 |
3560 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯲꯵꯰ |
1250 |
5560 |
780 |
16680 |
33000 |
5560 |
4450 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯵꯰꯰ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
1500 |
6660 |
1005 |
19980 |
34500 |
6675 |
5340 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯲꯰꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
2000 |
8900 |
1340 |
26700 |
46000 |
8900 |
7120 |
* ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.& ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ꯫
꯶꯰꯰*꯶꯰꯰ꯃꯤꯃꯤ/꯲꯴'*꯲꯴' (꯶꯱꯰*꯶꯱꯰ꯃꯤꯃꯤ) ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫
ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯩ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯅꯐꯤꯒꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ/ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯔ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯔꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯗꯕꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (HPL, PVC, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ)ꯅꯥ 10^4–10^9Ω ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯣꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯡꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯸꯹꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ-ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ASTM E84 ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ 1ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ-ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.꯱꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯂꯤ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯇꯣꯅꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯆꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖ꯫
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯱. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ꯫ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯄꯦꯗꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯔꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫{2}}.
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : 2. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ, ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯄꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯕꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯳. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯎ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯔ ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯗ-ꯂꯨꯞ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯠꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯴. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯎ: ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯀꯟꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯖ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : 5. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯦ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯩ-ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯔꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ꯫
