ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯂꯦꯁ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ., ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ., ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯱꯰^꯴–꯱꯰^꯹Ωꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯡꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯸꯹꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ASTM E84 ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ 1ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ-ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ-ꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯔꯦꯏꯖꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.꯱꯴ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯂꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯅꯦꯖ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ-ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫