ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯔꯦꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ꯫

ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ-ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯆꯣꯏꯁ (HPL, PVC, ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ)ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ 10^4ꯗꯒꯤ 10^9Ω ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯸꯹꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯔ-ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ASTM E84 ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ 1ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ-ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯇꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯛꯂꯣꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯞꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯃꯦꯅꯁꯤꯄꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯀꯣ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯂꯤ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯇꯤꯡ-ꯑꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯪꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫