ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ CaSO4 1/2H2O ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫
|
ꯃꯁꯛ ꯁꯥꯕ |
ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯣꯗ (ꯑꯦꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗ (ꯑꯦꯟ) ꯴. |
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯂꯣꯗ (N/m2) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ |
ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯗ (ꯑꯦꯟ) ꯴. |
||
|
ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯕꯤ |
N |
꯱꯰ ꯔꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
꯱꯰꯰꯰꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
||||
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯶꯶꯲ |
662 |
2950 |
445 |
8850 |
1250 |
2946 |
2356 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯸꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
800 |
3560 |
536 |
10680 |
16100 |
3560 |
2670 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
1000 |
4450 |
670 |
13350 |
23000 |
4450 |
3560 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯲꯵꯰ |
1250 |
5560 |
780 |
16680 |
33000 |
5560 |
4450 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯱꯵꯰꯰ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
1500 |
6660 |
1005 |
19980 |
34500 |
6675 |
5340 |
|
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯲꯰꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ |
2000 |
8900 |
1340 |
26700 |
46000 |
8900 |
7120 |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫
ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ:
- ꯑꯄꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯞꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ
- ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ
- ꯄꯦꯗꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯠ, ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯥꯔ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ, ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯀꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ--ꯀꯝꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ A ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ꯫
- ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯔꯤꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫
ꯆꯦ ꯊꯥꯕ:
- ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ, ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ, ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ, ꯁꯔꯚꯔ ꯔꯨꯝ, ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯄꯁꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ, ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ/ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯐꯣꯏꯂꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ., ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ., ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯥꯔꯄꯦꯠ, ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯚꯤ.ꯇꯤ., ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯗꯦꯇꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ HVAC ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯄꯦꯗꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯡꯒꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯔꯣ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ, ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯐꯤꯅꯦꯀꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤ, ꯂꯣꯗ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯅꯦꯁ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ., ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ., ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯕꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ, ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯚꯔꯤ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 5000ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 15ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯣ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ: ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ, FCL ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ LCL ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ: ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯎ: ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯦꯗꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯗ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯎ: ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯐꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯶꯶꯲ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯔ ꯔꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯎ: ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ꯫
